| Solar panel | Solar panel serve as devices that convert sunlight into using PV cells. They serve as an environmentally friendly and alternative energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a system that captures sunlight to generate heat, typically used for hot water production or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating, indoor heating, or electricity production. It is a green and eco-friendly technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its wealthy cultural heritage, iconic landmarks, and bustling urban areas like London. It boasts a mixed landscape of gentle slopes, old castles, and busy metropolitan areas that mix heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Daylight is the environmental light emitted by the sun, essential for existence on Earth as it provides fuel for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electricity is a kind of power generated by the movement of charged particles, primarily electrons. It powers countless appliances and networks, enabling contemporary living and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a negative electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction movement of electric charge, generally produced by batteries, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a consistent voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A cell is a device that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into current to run various electronic gadgets. It includes several galvanic units, each comprising positive and negative electrodes separated by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts solar radiation immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly power solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a unit that converts direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into AC fit for household use and grid connection. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy performance and ensuring secure, reliable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that reverses direction regularly, generally used in home and commercial power supplies. It allows for effective transmission of electricity over extended spans and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that manages the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and harm. It provides efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a device used to ascertain the size, amount, or intensity of something accurately. It includes tools like scales, thermometers, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a device that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement across the day, increasing energy absorption. This system enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge plants that capture sunlight to produce electricity using numerous solar panels. They provide a green and renewable energy resource, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic panels on building rooftops to generate electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar energy setup changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar arrays that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then beamed to our planet for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions retain excess energy generated from renewable energy or the grid for later use, improving energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These systems commonly employ batteries to deliver backup energy, cut down energy expenses, and support grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels documents the development and innovations in solar energy technology from the early discovery of the solar effect to modern high-efficiency solar panels. It features major breakthroughs, including the invention of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing advances that have substantially boosted power transformation and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French scientist famous for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescence. His experiments laid the foundation for understanding how light interacts with particular materials to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrician and scientist known for discovering the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photoconductive cell and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an free platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an US inventor who invented the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work established the groundwork for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with finding the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work paved the way for modern solar energy technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous R&D organization historically associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the origin of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and number 14, widely known for its essential role in the production of electronics and solar cells. It is a tough, brittle solid substance with a bluish-gray metallic luster, predominantly employed as a electronic component in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a small unit installed on each solar panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method increases system efficiency, facilitates better performance monitoring, and boosts power output in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar module is a component that turns sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is often used in solar arrays to provide a green and renewable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon is a fundamental particle which represents a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without possessing rest mass. It serves a key role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the mechanism by which particular compounds turn sunlight straight into electricity through the production of charge carriers. This event is the core principle behind photovoltaic technology, facilitating the capturing of solar solar power for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the base for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the foundational platform where integrated circuits are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, systematic crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their light, bendable structure, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a more affordable price. They use thin semiconductor layers only a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the weight of building components and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as people, furniture, and environmental factors. Both are important considerations in structural design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components sequentially, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the identical voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current spread, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrification refers to the speed at which electric power flows by an electrical circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Produced through various sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and is essential for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A watt is a standard of energy transfer rate in the metric system, representing the rate of energy flow or transformation. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electrical voltage difference between two points, which causes the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in V and shows the power per unit charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A volt is the standard unit of voltage, potential difference, and voltage in the metric system. It measures the voltage per coulomb between points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electrical current is the movement of electricity through a conductor, commonly measured in amps. It is necessary for supplying electronic gadgets and facilitating the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Amp is the measure of electrical flow in the SI units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the flow of electrical charge through a wire over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It influences the configuration and capacity of power systems to ensure reliable and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction box is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a safe and trustworthy manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a easy and uniform method of providing electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is often used for recharging and energizing a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power inverter is a unit that transforms DC from supplies like batteries or solar arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It permits the operation of regular electrical equipment in locations where only DC power is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack serves as a collection of several individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically align the position of solar panels to follow the sun movement throughout the daytime, optimizing energy absorption. This system increases the performance of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring ideal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to optimize the power generation of solar energy systems by continuously adjusting the performance point to align with the maximum power point of the solar panels. This process ensures the best performance energy extraction, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a tool that tracks and examines the efficiency of solar power systems in real-time, providing important data on energy production and system health. It aids enhance solar power output by spotting issues ahead of time and ensuring optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are flexible, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sun rays directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are frequently used in solar arrays to power homes, devices, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of numerous minute silicon lattice structures, frequently used in solar modules and semiconductor manufacturing. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and reforming silicon to form a ultra-pure, polycrystalline form fit for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a premium variant of silicon with a continuous crystal framework, making it extremely capable for use in solar panels and electronic devices. Its consistent framework allows for improved electron flow, resulting in better performance compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a category of thin-film solar system that presents a affordable and effective alternative for large-scale solar energy production. They are recognized for their high absorption performance and moderately affordable manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are laminate solar devices that employ a multi-layered compound of copper, indium, gallium, and Se to transform sunlight into power efficiently. They are recognized for their excellent light capturing performance, flexibility, and potential for portable, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a amorphous molecular configuration, making it more flexible and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is frequently used in solar panels and electronic systems due to its economic advantage and versatile characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic modules aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and pioneering techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are advanced photovoltaic modules that utilize several p-n connections layered in unison to absorb a broader spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly enhancing their efficiency. They are primarily used in space applications and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays serve as crucial elements that convert solar radiation into electricity to operate onboard instrumentation. They are typically lightweight, long-lasting, and crafted to function effectively in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its high electron mobility and efficiency in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize focusing elements or mirrors to focus sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technique is perfect for large-scale solar power plants in areas with clear sunlight, delivering a affordable solution for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CuInGaSe2 as the light-absorbing layer, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with great output in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological applications. These films are crucial in electronic systems, optical systems, and coatings for their particular physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a renewable and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a sheet of substance ranging from tiny nanometric scales to multiple micrometers in depth, often placed on surfaces for purposeful functions. These layers are used in various industries, including electronic devices, optical technologies, and medicine, to alter surface properties or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nano units are measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to describe extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Micrometers are precision devices used to accurately measure small distances or thicknesses, commonly in mechanical engineering and fabrication. They feature a calibrated screw device that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a thin, circular piece of silicon crystal used as the platform for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It functions as the core material in the manufacture of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible solar modules recognized for their excellent performance and bendability, ideal for various uses. They utilize a stratified layered semiconductor setup that turns sunlight immediately into power with remarkable effectiveness in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is recognized for being cost-effective and having a relatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sun rays directly into energy using solar panels, providing a sustainable energy source for residential, business, and grid applications. They offer a clean, renewable, and cost-effective way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that converts sunlight into electricity using a light-reactive dye to capture light and generate electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and adaptable alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the potential for cost-effective, flexible, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photovoltaic units that utilize carbon-based molecules, to turn sun's energy into electric power. They are compact, flexible, and enable cost-effective, extensive solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential semiconductor compound used in layer solar panels due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its excellent optoelectronic properties make it an attractive substitute for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of construction components, such as roofing, facades, and fenestration. This cutting-edge approach enhances power savings while maintaining aesthetic appeal and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with little distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to spread through, making detailed visibility obscured but still allowing shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window tinting involves placing a thin film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices windows to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of PV power stations information various large-scale solar energy plants around the planet, demonstrating their capacities and sites. These stations play a crucial role in sustainable energy generation and global efforts to cut carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are massive systems that convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They are essential in renewable energy generation, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of problems such as pollution, climatic shifts, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably replenished, such as the sun, breezes, and water. It offers a renewable option to non-renewable energy sources, reducing environmental impact and supporting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as lignite, oil, and methane, are limited reserves formed over extensive periods and are consumed when used. They are the primary fuels for electrical energy and transportation but pose ecological and environmental and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various power sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process typically occurs in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, toxic elements such as Pb, quicksilver, cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance indicates how efficiently a solar panel converts sunlight into usable power. Enhancing this efficiency is essential for maximizing renewable energy production and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This occurrence provided significant indication for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of photovoltaics has accelerated rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological progress and decreasing costs. This expansion is revolutionizing the global energy landscape by increasing the portion of renewable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a business scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover extensive areas and utilize solar panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through device that refracts light to converge or diverge rays, creating images. It is frequently used in devices like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to control light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to lens surfaces to cut down on glare and increase light flow. It enhances the sharpness and brightness of optical devices by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that that their amplitudes negate each other, causing a reduction or full disappearance of the combined wave. This phenomenon typically happens when these waves are not in phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | AC is a type of electrical flow that alternates direction, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates sinusoidally over time, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A compact inverter is a compact entity used to transform direct current (DC) from a single solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It improves system efficiency by enhancing energy production at the module level and eases setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC power, is electricity delivered through a setup where the potential difference and current periodically reverse polarity, enabling cost-effective transmission over vast spans. It is frequently used in residences and industries to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC plug is a kind of electrical connector used to provide DC power from a power source to an electronic device. It usually consists of a round plug and socket that provide a firm and dependable link for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a global safety approval body that tests and certifies products to ensure they comply with specific protection requirements. It supports consumers and firms recognize trustworthy and secure products through rigorous evaluation and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series circuits are electronic networks in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this arrangement, the constant electric current passes through all components, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This setup allows components to operate separately, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode acts as a semiconductor device that permits current to flow in a single direction only, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12 volt, intended to deliver electrical energy for multiple devices and accessories within a vehicle. It permits users to recharge electronic gadgets or use small devices during on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting peripheral peripherals to computing systems, enabling information exchange and electric power. It backs a wide range of hardware such as keyboards, mice, external drives, and cell phones, with multiple generations delivering faster speeds and enhanced performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into usable energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to increasing energy production and making solar power economical and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on developments in solar power, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic waves, spanning from radio waves to gamma radiation, all possessing different wavelengths and energy levels. This range is fundamental to numerous technological applications and natural events, enabling data exchange, medical imaging, and comprehension of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It has a key role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color design based on shades of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create balance and connexion. This layout approach emphasizes simplicity and elegance by maintaining steady color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per square meter. It is a important parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to calculate the intensity of power or energy flow received or emitted over a particular area, often in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in understanding the distribution and movement of power across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of diverse hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is often used to depict the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a substantial body of air's with comparatively consistent thermal and dampness features, coming from from certain origin regions. These air masses influence weather systems and air situations as they travel over diverse regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the quantification of the energy per unit area received from the solar source in the type of solar rays. It varies with solar phenomena and Earth's weather systems, influencing weather patterns and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the collection of dirt, and impurities on the surface of solar arrays, which decreases their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and care are necessary to minimize energy loss and maintain best operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the peak electrical current that flows through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, bypassing the normal load. It creates a considerable safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the highest power output of a solar panel under perfect sunlight conditions. It shows the array's peak potential to generate electricity in standard testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to measure the potential difference between two locations in a circuit. It is frequently utilized in different electrical and electronic fields to verify proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in PV modules where increased voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron serves as a metalloid chemical element essential for plant development and employed in multiple industrial applications, including glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses unique chemical properties that render it useful in creating robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring ideal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a stable and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant collects sunlight using large arrays of photovoltaic panels to generate renewable electricity. It supplies an environmentally friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated method of utilizing land for both solar power production and farming, making the most of space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while at the same time creating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar energy devices capable of capturing sunlight using both surfaces, boosting overall energy generation. They are typically mounted in a way that enhances performance by utilizing albedo effect and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a installation that provides shade while producing electricity through integrated solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel setup is a assembly of numerous photovoltaic modules arranged to generate electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to generate renewable, renewable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a construction that offers shade and shelter from the weather for exterior areas. It improves the functionality and aesthetic appeal of a patio, making it a cozy zone for leisure and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of objects in the heavens relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference heading, typically true north, to the line between an observer to a destination. It is often used in wayfinding, mapping, and celestial observation to specify the direction of an celestial body relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential bodily injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor material extensively utilized in thin film solar panels due to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates superb optical characteristics, making it a preferred option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are key in advancing solar energy implementation and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A GW is a measure of power equal to a billion watts, used to measure massive electricity production and consumption. It is generally associated with electricity stations, power grids, and large-scale power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar is a worldwide leader in solar power solutions, expert in making thin-film solar panels that provide high-performance and affordable power generation. The firm is focused on eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and cutting down the global dependence on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in smoothly integrating various components of manufacturing and automation systems to enhance efficiency and trustworthiness. It focuses on developing cutting-edge solutions that facilitate seamless communication and cooperation among diverse technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a top Chinese company expert in the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic solar items and systems. Famous for cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly energy programs within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to one billion watts, often used to describe the potential of massively scaled electricity generation or usage. It underscores the vast energy extent involved in modern energy infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the cost per unit of production decreases as total output increases, due to learning curve and improvements achieved over time. This concept highlights the value of stored knowledge in lowering costs and boosting output in production and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Solar energy transform sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This method is a pure, green energy source that assists cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of generating solar or wind energy is equivalent to or lower than the cost of buying power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity means that green energy technologies are economically comparable with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the main electrical power supplied to houses and businesses through a grid of power lines, delivering a dependable source of energy for various appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the nation, and is supplied through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all parts of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is essential for ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Sunlight is captured from the sun's rays using photovoltaic panels to produce electricity or through thermal solar systems to provide warmth. It represents a sustainable, renewable, and eco-conscious power supply that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in home, business, and industrial environments to create renewable, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, providing green energy solutions where conventional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar-powered goods features a selection of devices that harness sunlight to generate energy, encouraging green and eco-conscious living. These products include covering solar energy units and lights to appliances and outdoor tools, delivering multi-purpose solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a plant that converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar modules. It is a green energy source that helps reduce reliance on non-renewable energy and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV employ optical lenses plus reflectors to focus sunlight on high-performance photovoltaic cells, considerably increasing energy capture from a smaller area. This approach is highly suitable in areas with intense, direct sunlight and provides an innovative way to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
