Solar panel | Solar array act as components that change sunlight to electricity using solar cells. They serve as an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a apparatus that absorbs sunlight to generate heat, generally used for hot water production or space heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate heat, which can be used for water heating systems, space heating, or electricity generation. It is a green and eco-friendly technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic nation in the UK known for its wealthy cultural legacy, notable attractions, and bustling urban areas like London. It boasts a mixed scenery of rolling hills, historic forts, and bustling urban centers that mix tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the natural illumination emitted by the sun, crucial for existence on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a form of power due to the flow of electrically charged entities, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers numerous devices and networks, enabling contemporary living and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a negative electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional stream of electric charge, generally produced by cell packs, power sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a instrument that holds chemical energy and converts it into current to operate various electronic devices. It consists of one or more electrochemical cells, each comprising anode and cathode interposed by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels made of solar cells. It is an eco-friendly power option that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a instrument that converts DC created by solar panels into AC appropriate for home use and grid integration. It is vital for enhancing energy performance and providing secure, dependable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that changes direction cyclically, generally used in residential and business power supplies. It allows for optimal transmission of electricity over great lengths and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that controls the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and damage. It provides optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a device used to measure the extent, quantity, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like rulers, climate gauges, and manometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a device that automatically the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation improves the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are large-scale facilities that capture sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They provide a green and eco-friendly energy resource, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels and decreasing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic cells on building roofs to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-integrated photovoltaic system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar panels that absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to our planet for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems store excess electricity generated from renewable sources or the power grid for future use, enhancing energy independence and efficiency. These solutions typically utilize batteries to offer backup power, lower energy expenses, and support grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar panels chronicles the progress and advancements in solar power technology from the initial discovery of the solar effect to contemporary high-performance solar arrays. It highlights major milestones, including the invention of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have significantly improved power conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist by profession renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescence. His tests laid the basis for comprehending how illumination interacts with particular media to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photo-sensitive device and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an free platform used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an American creator who invented the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work established the basis for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce steam that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with finding the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work formed the basis of modern solar power technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned innovative organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the source of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and 14, widely known for its crucial role in the manufacturing of electronics and solar panels. It is a hard, brittle crystalline material with a bluish-gray shine, primarily used as a electronic component in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a small device installed on each solar module to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This method improves system effectiveness, allows for enhanced performance oversight, and increases power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a unit that converts sunlight straight into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is commonly used in solar panels to provide a renewable and sustainable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that offers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a basic particle representing a packet of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It serves a crucial role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the mechanism by which certain materials convert sunlight immediately into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the basic principle behind solar cell technology, facilitating the capturing of solar sunlight for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a slim slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microprocessors are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic systems due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its organized, systematic crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their light, bendable structure, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a lower cost. They use thin semiconductor layers a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and permanent equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as users, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are important considerations in building planning to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components in a line, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the same voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy represents the rate at which electricity is transferred by an electrical circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and green energy, and fundamental for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a standard of energy transfer rate in the International System of Units, indicating the measure of energy transfer or transformation. It is the same as one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and shows the power per unit charge available to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the derived unit of voltage, potential difference, and electromotive force in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per unit charge between two points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the flow of electric charge through a metal wire, typically measured in amps. It is essential for energizing electronic equipment and enabling the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere serves as the standard of electrical flow in the International System of Units, represented by A. It indicates the flow of electrical charge through a circuit over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the level of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It affects the design and power of power systems to maintain secure and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical housing used to protect wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a simple and consistent method of delivering electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is often used for powering and feeding a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power inverter is a instrument that converts direct current (DC) from sources like cells or solar arrays into AC suitable for household appliances. It enables the use of standard electrical devices in locations where only DC energy is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack is a collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the orientation of solar modules to monitor the solar trajectory throughout the daytime, maximizing energy absorption. This system increases the effectiveness of solar power gathering by keeping best solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to optimize the energy production of solar panel setups by regularly modifying the performance point to correspond to the optimal power point of the photovoltaic modules. This process provides the best performance energy harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually tailored improving the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a tool that tracks and analyzes the efficiency of solar panel systems in live, offering useful data on energy production and system health. It helps maximize solar energy generation by detecting faults promptly and securing optimal output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are lightweight, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are typically used in photovoltaic modules to power homes, electronic gadgets, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of numerous minute silicon lattice structures, frequently used in solar panels and microchip production. Its creation involves fusing and reforming silicon to form a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure appropriate for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a premium variant of silicon with a continuous lattice framework, making it highly efficient for use in solar panels and electronics. Its homogeneous structure allows for improved charge movement, resulting in better efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a type of thin-film solar method that presents a economical and efficient alternative for large-scale solar energy production. They are recognized for their great absorption capability and relatively reduced manufacturing fees in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices that employ a multi-layered compound of copper, indium, Ga, and Se to transform sunlight into electricity effectively. They are recognized for their excellent light capturing effectiveness, bendability, and potential for portable, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a amorphous molecular configuration, making it more adaptable and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is frequently used in thin-film solar cells and electronic devices due to its cost-effectiveness and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic cells aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and innovative techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are advanced photovoltaic modules that use several p-n connections stacked together to collect a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, substantially increasing their efficiency. They are mostly applied in space satellites and high-performance solar power systems due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that convert solar radiation into electric power to supply onboard instrumentation. Usually lightweight, durable, and built for efficient operation in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metal, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and performance in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize focusing elements or reflectors to direct sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-layer solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technology is ideal for large capacity solar power plants in regions with direct sunlight, providing a affordable solution for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and pliant form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CuInGaSe2 as the photovoltaic material, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a portable, economical alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a very thin layer of material, often measured in nm or μm, used in various technological fields. These layers are crucial in electronics, optics, and films for their particular physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a stratum of compound spanning tiny nanometric scales to several micrometers in dimension, often placed on surfaces for purposeful functions. These films are used in diverse fields, including electronics industry, optics, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are units of measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision measuring instruments used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or thicknesses, typically in machining and production. They feature a adjusted screw device that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a fine, round section of silicon crystal used as the base for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It serves as the basic material in the manufacture of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are compact solar modules famous for their excellent performance and adaptability, ideal for various uses. They employ a stratified semiconductor structure that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity with remarkable effectiveness in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is known for being affordable and having a comparatively high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sun rays directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, supplying a sustainable energy source for home, commercial, and large-scale applications. They offer a environmentally friendly, sustainable, and affordable way to reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lower carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that converts sunlight into power using a photosensitive dye to capture light and produce electron flow. It offers a affordable and adaptable alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the potential for lower-cost, adaptable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are solar cells that use carbon-based molecules, to transform solar radiation into electrical power. They are compact, flexible, and provide more affordable, large-area solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential semiconductor material used in laminate solar modules due to its plentiful and non-toxic elements. Its superior photo-electronic properties make it an appealing alternative for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of construction components, such as roofing, outer walls, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances energy performance while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency permits light to spread through, obscuring detailed visibility but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves applying a light film to the interior or exterior of automobiles or edifices windows to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It enhances privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and provides a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of solar power stations information various massive solar energy plants around the planet, highlighting their output and locations. These facilities serve a vital role in renewable energy generation and worldwide efforts to lower carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are extensive systems that convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They play a vital role in clean energy production, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote green approaches and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably replenished, such as the sun, wind, and hydropower. It offers a eco-friendly solution to non-renewable energy sources, decreasing environmental harm and enhancing long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as lignite, petroleum, and natural gas, are finite resources formed over geological eras and are depleted when used. They are the main energy sources for electrical energy and vehicle operation but pose ecological and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various power sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear energy, and sustainable resources into electricity. This process generally happens in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce power for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, harmful elements such as Pb, quicksilver, Cd, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency indicates how effectively a solar panel converts sunlight into convertible energy. Improving this Solar-cell efficiency is key for optimizing renewable energy generation and reducing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metal surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This event provided critical proof for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves subjecting products to elevated stresses to rapidly assess their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar energy systems has quickened rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by innovations and decreasing costs. This growth is revolutionizing the global energy landscape by increasing the percentage of renewable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power installations built to generate electricity on a business scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover vast areas and utilize solar panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a see-through device that bending light to bring together or diverge rays, producing images. It is commonly used in instruments like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to control light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an incoming light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to vision surfaces to minimize reflections and increase light flow. It boosts the crispness and luminosity of optical devices by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that that their amplitudes cancel each other out, leading to a decrease or total eradication of the combined wave. This occurrence typically happens when these waves are out of phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC is a type of electrical flow that periodically reverses, typically used in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes following a sine wave as time progresses, enabling effective conveyance over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a tiny entity used to convert direct current (DC) from a individual solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It boosts system efficiency by enhancing power output at the panel level and streamlines setup and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC power, or alternating current power, is electricity delivered through a network where the voltage level and current regularly reverse polarity, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is commonly used in homes and commercial sectors to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a type of electrical connector used to provide direct current (DC) power from a energy source to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a round plug and receptacle that guarantee a firm and dependable connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a global safety certification agency that assesses and endorses products to ensure they comply with specific safety norms. It supports consumers and companies recognize reliable and protected products through rigorous evaluation and examination processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this setup, the constant electric current passes through all parts, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple paths for current flow. This setup allows units to operate independently, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode serves as a solid-state device that permits current to pass in one direction exclusively, functioning as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12-volt, designed to supply electrical energy for different devices and accessories inside of a automobile. It permits users to recharge electronic gadgets or operate small electronics while on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting peripheral peripherals to computers, enabling data transfer and power delivery. It supports a wide range of devices such as keyboards, mice, external storage, and smartphones, with various generations offering faster speeds and upgraded features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for optimizing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It is committed to advancing innovations in solar, wind, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to support a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from radio signals to high-energy photons, all possessing diverse lengths and power. This spectrum is essential for many technologies and natural phenomena, enabling communication, healthcare imaging, and understanding of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the sun. It plays a important role in such as vitamin D synthesis but can also cause skin harm and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color scheme based on shades of a single hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and unity. This composition approach emphasizes minimalism and sophistication by maintaining steady color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per square meter. It is a important parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the strength of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to measure the intensity of radiation or power received or emitted over a specific area, commonly in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in comprehending the dispersion and conveyance of energy across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of various tones or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is commonly used to depict the dispersion of light or signal frequencies in different scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a large body of air's with relatively even temp and dampness characteristics, coming from from certain origin zones. These airmass affect weather systems and air situations as they travel over various areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the measure of the energy per square kilometer received from the Sun in the manner of electromagnetic radiation. It varies with solar activity and Earth's atmospheric conditions, impacting weather patterns and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar power refers to the buildup of debris, and foreign matter on the exterior of photovoltaic modules, which reduces their efficiency. Routine maintenance and servicing are necessary to reduce energy waste and maintain maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage available from a power source when current flow is absent, spanning its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the peak electrical current that flows through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, skipping the normal load. It presents a significant safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a measure of the peak power output of a solar panel under optimal sunlight conditions. It shows the panel's peak potential to produce electricity in standard testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electrical instrument used to check the voltage between two points in a electronic circuit. It is widely employed in numerous electrical and electronic setups to verify proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in PV modules where elevated voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion movement within the photovoltaic materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a semi-metal chemical element crucial for plant development and employed in various industrial applications, including glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It has special chemical traits that make it valuable in producing robust, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using large arrays of photovoltaic panels to create renewable electricity. It offers an green energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated method of using land for both solar power production and agriculture, making the most of space and resources. This strategy improves crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar panels capable of capturing sunlight using both surfaces, enhancing overall energy output. They are commonly positioned in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo reflection and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a structure that provides cover while producing electricity through integrated solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a group of several photovoltaic modules designed to create electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in sustainable power systems to deliver clean, sustainable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a construction that offers shade and shelter from the elements for exterior areas. It improves the functionality and look of a terrace, making it a cozy space for leisure and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of objects in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference direction, usually true north, to the line linking an surveyor to a destination. It is frequently used in navigation, surveying, and celestial observation to indicate the orientation of an celestial body with respect to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential bodily injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic material extensively utilized in thin film solar cells due to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits superb optical characteristics, making it a popular choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An directory of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are essential in driving solar energy integration and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a unit of electricity equal to a billion watts, used to measure massive energy output and utilization. It is commonly associated with generating stations, power grids, and major energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a global leader in solar energy solutions, focused on manufacturing thin-film solar panels that provide excellent efficiency and affordable power generation. The company is focused on green energy development and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in effortlessly connecting various components of factory and automation systems to improve productivity and trustworthiness. It concentrates on creating cutting-edge solutions that promote efficient communication and cooperation among diverse technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a leading China's corporation expert in the manufacturing and development of solar solar items and systems. Renowned for its advanced technology and green energy projects in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often used to indicate the potential of massively scaled power generation or usage. It highlights the huge energy extent involved in modern power framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost drops as total output increases, due to learning and improvements gained over time. This phenomenon highlights the importance of accumulated experience in cutting expenses and improving productivity in production and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This method is a environmentally friendly, renewable energy source that aids cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of producing solar or wind energy is equivalent to or lower than the price of buying power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that sustainable energy sources are economically viable with traditional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to residences and enterprises through a system of power lines, providing a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the nation, and is supplied through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all elements of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is crucial for guaranteeing the effective and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is absorbed from the solar radiation using PV panels to convert electricity or through thermal solar systems to provide warmth. It represents a sustainable, eco-friendly, and planet-friendly source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in domestic, business, and manufacturing environments to create renewable, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, offering sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar energy items features a range of gadgets that capture sunlight to generate energy, supporting eco-friendly and renewable living. These solutions include ranging from solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, providing versatile alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a facility that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a sustainable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use lenses and reflectors to focus sunlight onto high-performance solar cells, significantly increasing power output using less space. This approach is highly suitable in areas with intense, direct sunlight plus, it offers a promising approach to cut solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |