| Solar panel | Solar array serve as components that transform sunlight into electricity using solar cells. They are an environmentally friendly and alternative energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a device that absorbs sunlight to convert heat, usually used for water heating or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate thermal energy, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or electricity production. It is a renewable and renewable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural traditions, notable attractions, and lively cities like London. It boasts a diverse terrain of rolling hills, historic forts, and bustling urban centers that combine history with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Solar light is the environmental illumination emitted by the sun, vital for life on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electrical power is a kind of power due to the flow of charged particles, primarily electrons. It drives innumerable devices and networks, enabling modern life and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the one-way flow of electric charge, typically produced by cell packs, electrical sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A cell is a unit that accumulates chemical energy and transforms it into electric power to operate various electronic devices. It comprises one or more electrochemical units, each housing positive and negative electrodes interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of solar cells. It is an eco-friendly power solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a unit that converts direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for home use and grid connection. It is vital for enhancing energy performance and providing secure, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that reverses polarity periodically, usually used in home and industrial power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over long distances and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A power management device is a device that manages the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and damage. It guarantees optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a tool used to determine the extent, quantity, or level of something accurately. It includes instruments like meters, temperature sensors, and pressure gauges that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that instantaneously its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar farms are large-scale installations that harness sunlight to create electricity using many solar panels. They offer a renewable and renewable energy resource, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels and reducing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves installing photovoltaic solar panels on building roofs to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-integrated solar energy setup changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar arrays that collect sunlight and convert it into electricity. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to the planet's surface for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions retain excess power generated from renewable sources or the power grid for future use, improving energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These installations commonly employ batteries to offer backup energy, lower energy costs, and aid grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar panels tracks the development and improvements in solar energy technology from the initial finding of the solar effect to contemporary high-efficiency solar panels. It highlights significant breakthroughs, including the development of the first silicon solar cell in 1954 and ongoing innovations that have significantly boosted energy conversion and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic physicist by profession noted for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescence. His tests laid the basis for grasping how light interacts with specific media to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrical engineer and researcher known for discovering the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the development of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an United States creator who developed the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work set the foundation for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work laid the foundation for modern solar power technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a famous research and development organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials research. It has been the source of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, widely known for its essential role in the manufacturing of electronic components and solar modules. It is a tough, fragile crystalline solid with a bluish-gray shine, predominantly employed as a semiconductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact component installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach increases system performance, facilitates better performance oversight, and boosts power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a unit that converts sunlight immediately into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is commonly used in solar panels to supply a renewable and renewable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon serves as a basic particle representing a unit of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It has a important role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances transform sunlight immediately into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the core foundation behind photovoltaic technology, enabling the capturing of solar solar power for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a fine slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the foundation for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where integrated circuits are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic devices due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its structured, neat crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a more affordable price. They use layers of semiconductor materials a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and stationary equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as people, furniture, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components end-to-end, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the same voltage source, permitting several paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's overall resistance, current spread, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electric power refers to the rate at which electricity flows by an electrical network, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. It is generated through diverse origins such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and crucial for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A unit of power is a unit of energy conversion in the SI system, representing the rate of energy flow or transformation. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electronic voltage difference between two points, which causes the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and shows the energy per individual charge accessible to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A voltage is the base unit of electrical potential, electric potential difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the electric energy per coulomb between two points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a metal wire, commonly measured in A. It is necessary for supplying electronic gadgets and allowing the functioning of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere serves as the measure of electrical current in the SI units, represented by A. It indicates the movement of electric charge through a wire over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the amount of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It influences the layout and capacity of power systems to maintain safe and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical housing used to safely house wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power offers a easy and consistent method of supplying electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is often used for recharging and feeding a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that changes direct current (DC) from supplies like batteries or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It permits the operation of regular electrical equipment in environments where only DC energy is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack functions as an collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically regulate the angle of photovoltaic panels to follow the sun’s path throughout the daytime, optimizing solar energy capture. This technology boosts the effectiveness of solar power gathering by keeping ideal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to enhance the power output of solar panel setups by constantly tuning the performance point to match the peak power point of the solar panels. This methodology guarantees the best performance power harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that observes and evaluates the efficiency of solar panel systems in instantaneous, offering important data on energy generation and system condition. It assists enhance solar energy output by identifying issues ahead of time and guaranteeing optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are lightweight, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are frequently used in photovoltaic modules to generate electricity for homes, devices, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of numerous minute silicon crystals, typically used in solar modules and chip fabrication. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to form a ultra-pure, polycrystalline form suitable for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a ultra-pure type of silicon with a continuous crystal structure, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronic devices. Its homogeneous framework allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in better efficiency compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics represent a category of thin-film solar technology that provides a economical and effective alternative for large-scale solar energy production. They are their high absorption performance and comparatively affordable manufacturing expenses compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are flexible solar devices that employ a layered material of Cu, indium, Ga, and Se to transform sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are known for their excellent light capturing effectiveness, bendability, and capability for lightweight, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a disordered atomic configuration, making it more adaptable and more straightforward to layer than crystalline silicon. It is frequently used in solar panels and electronic systems due to its affordability and adaptable features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic cells aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and new techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are innovative photovoltaic modules that use various p-n junctions stacked in unison to capture a wider range of the solar spectrum, greatly increasing their efficiency. These are mainly applied in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are essential devices that generate sunlight into electrical energy to operate onboard systems. Generally lightweight, durable, and built for efficient operation in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor known for its high electron mobility and efficiency in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use focusing elements or reflectors to focus sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-layer solar cells, substantially improving energy conversion efficiency. This technology is perfect for large capacity solar power plants in areas with direct sunlight, offering a cost-effective approach for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of copper indium gallium selenide as the solar semiconductor, known for superior performance and bendability. They offer a portable, economical alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film describes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in various technological fields. These films are vital in electronics, optics, and coverings for their special physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A thin film is a sheet of material ranging from tiny nanometric scales to multiple micrometers in depth, often coated on surfaces for functional purposes. These layers are used in diverse fields, including electronic devices, light manipulation, and medicine, to change surface traits or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nano units are measurement units the same as one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to depict extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision gauges used to exactly measure small distances or widths, generally in mechanical engineering and production. They feature a calibrated screw device that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a thin, circular section of silicon crystal used as the base for producing semiconductor devices. It serves as the foundational material in the manufacture of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices known for their high efficiency and flexibility, perfect for multiple fields. They utilize a multilayer semiconductor architecture that converts sunlight straight into electrical energy with excellent effectiveness in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is recognized for being economical and having a moderately high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sun rays directly into electricity using solar panels, supplying a sustainable energy source for home, commercial, and grid applications. They offer a environmentally friendly, sustainable, and affordable way to reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that transforms sunlight into electrical energy using a light-sensitive dye to capture light and produce electron flow. It offers a affordable and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for see-through and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, adaptable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photoelectric devices that use carbon-based molecules, to convert sun's energy into electric power. They are easy to handle, flexible, and provide cost-effective, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a advantageous semiconductor compound used in laminate solar panels due to its abundant and non-toxic elements. Its excellent optical-electronic properties make it an attractive substitute for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of architectural elements, such as roofing, outer walls, and glazing. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy performance while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency permits light to spread through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves the process of applying a light film to the inside or outside of cars or structures windows to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It enhances privacy, increases energy efficiency, and provides a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of solar power stations overview various extensive solar energy plants around the planet, demonstrating their output and sites. These facilities play a important role in sustainable energy production and worldwide efforts to cut carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are large-scale facilities that turn sunlight straight into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are crucial in clean energy production, lessening dependence on coal and oil, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of challenges such as contamination, climate change, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote green approaches and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as sunlight, air currents, and hydroelectric power. It offers a sustainable solution to fossil fuels, minimizing ecological footprint and enhancing long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as bituminous coal, petroleum, and methane, are finite resources formed over millions of years and are depleted when used. They are the main fuels for power production and mobility but pose ecological and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy types such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and renewable resources into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in power plants where turbines and generators work together to produce electricity for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as Pb, quicksilver, Cd, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness indicates how efficiently a solar cell transforms sunlight into usable electrical electricity. Enhancing this efficiency is key for maximizing renewable energy generation and decreasing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum theory by showing that light energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves exposing products to increased stresses to rapidly assess their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar energy systems has sped up rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological progress and cost reductions. This development is transforming the international energy scene by boosting the share of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a business scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover vast areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a clear device that refracts light to focus or separate rays, producing images. It is often used in devices like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to lens surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It improves the sharpness and brightness of lenses by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in such a way that their amplitude levels counteract each other, leading to a reduction or complete elimination of the combined wave. This event generally happens when the waves are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to an electric current that periodically reverses, typically used in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes following a sine wave over time, permitting efficient transmission over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A microinverter is a tiny component used to transform direct current (DC) from a individual solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for home applications. It improves system performance by optimizing energy production at the panel level and streamlines setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC power, is electrical power delivered through a network where the voltage and electric flow regularly reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over vast spans. It is commonly used in residences and industries to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A direct current connector is a type of electrical coupling used to deliver DC energy from a power supply to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a round plug and receptacle that provide a reliable and dependable attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a international security approval body that evaluates and endorses products to guarantee they meet certain protection norms. It helps consumers and firms identify reliable and protected products through strict review and analysis methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this setup, the identical current passes through all components, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple paths for current flow. This setup allows components to operate separately, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | An diode acts as a electronic device that allows current to flow in one way only, serving as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12 volt, intended to supply electrical power for multiple devices and add-ons inside a vehicle. It permits users to power electronic devices or run small electronics when on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for connecting peripheral hardware to computing systems, facilitating data transmission and electric power. It backs a broad spectrum of peripherals such as input devices, pointer devices, external storage devices, and cell phones, with multiple revisions delivering increased speeds and enhanced performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for increasing energy output and making solar power more cost-effective and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance developments in solar, wind, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from radio waves to high-energy photons, all possessing diverse wavelengths and power. This spectrum is fundamental to numerous technological applications and the natural world, enabling data exchange, medical imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the sun. It serves a crucial role in such as vitamin D production but can also cause skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color design based on shades of a individual hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and connexion. This design approach emphasizes simplicity and sophistication by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per sq meter. It is a crucial parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the intensity of sunlight hitting a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a unit of measurement used to calculate the intensity of radiation or power received or emitted over a specific surface, often in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in comprehending the distribution and conveyance of energy across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of diverse hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is often used to illustrate the spread of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a substantial volume of air with fairly consistent temp and humidity characteristics, originating from particular source zones. These air masses impact climate trends and air situations as they travel over different areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the quantification of the energy per square meter received from the Sun in the manner of light. It varies with solar phenomena and atmospheric factors on Earth, influencing global climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar power refers to the collection of dust, and foreign matter on the exterior of photovoltaic modules, which diminishes their output. Routine maintenance and care are important to reduce energy waste and guarantee best performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when current flow is absent, spanning its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that flows through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It presents a considerable safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a indicator of the highest power generation of a solar module under perfect sunlight conditions. It shows the panel's peak capacity to create electricity in conventional testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to determine the voltage between two locations in a electronic circuit. It is frequently utilized in different electrical and electronic fields to verify proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power output and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is considered a metalloid element essential for plant development and used in various industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses special chemical properties that make it beneficial in producing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring perfect tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a robust and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant captures sunlight using vast groups of photovoltaic panels to produce renewable electricity. It offers an eco-friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated practice of using land for both solar energy generation and farming, making the most of space and resources. This method boosts crop production while simultaneously producing renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight on both sides, boosting overall energy generation. They are typically mounted in a way that enhances performance by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a framework that provides shelter while creating electricity through built-in solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel setup is a assembly of several solar panels designed to create electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in green energy setups to generate environmentally friendly, eco-friendly power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a structure that offers shade and protection from the conditions for exterior areas. It boosts the practicality and aesthetic appeal of a courtyard, making it a cozy zone for leisure and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of bodies in the sky relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference heading, usually true north, to the line linking an observer to a destination. It is often used in routing, land measurement, and astronomy to specify the bearing of an celestial body with respect to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential bodily injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic material extensively utilized in thin-film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and affordability. It demonstrates superb optical features, making it a common choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies features the leading manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are key in promoting solar energy implementation and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of energy output equal to 1,000,000,000 watt, used to assess big power generation production and usage. It is generally associated with generating stations, national grids, and significant energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | The company First Solar is a global leader in photovoltaic (PV) power solutions, specializing in producing thin-film solar panels that deliver high-performance and low-cost power generation. The firm is focused on sustainable energy development and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in effortlessly connecting various components of factory and automated systems to improve productivity and trustworthiness. It concentrates on building innovative solutions that enable smooth communication and compatibility among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a leading Chinese-based corporation specializing in the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic photovoltaic products and solutions. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and sustainable energy initiatives in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often used to represent the ability of large-scale electricity generation or consumption. It underscores the vast power magnitude involved in contemporary power framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost drops as cumulative output grows, due to learning and optimization obtained over time. This effect highlights the importance of stored knowledge in reducing costs and enhancing efficiency in manufacturing and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics convert sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, sustainable energy source that aids reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of producing solar or wind energy is equal to or less than the expense of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity means that sustainable energy technologies are financially comparable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to residences and businesses through a grid of power lines, delivering a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the nation, and is delivered through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all elements of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is essential for securing the effective and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Solar energy is captured from the sun's rays using solar cells to convert electricity or through solar heating systems to generate heat. It represents a sustainable, eco-friendly, and planet-friendly power supply that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in home, commercial, and manufacturing environments to produce clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, offering green energy solutions where conventional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A list of sun-powered products features a variety of tools that capture sunlight to produce energy, promoting green and eco-conscious living. These products include everything from solar power banks and lights to home equipment and outdoor gear, offering flexible solutions for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a facility that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that helps reduce reliance on non-renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics utilize lenses plus mirrors focusing solar radiation on advanced photovoltaic cells, significantly increasing energy capture using less space. This approach is particularly effective where intense, direct sunlight and provides an innovative way to lowering expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
